Which change management framework explicitly includes Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement as its core elements for driving readiness?

• A. Kotter's 8-Step Process
• B. ADKAR
• C. Lewin's Change Management Model
• D. Prosci Change Management Framework

Answer: (B)

This model focuses on individual readiness for change, guiding people through a sequence of shifts they must go through to adopt new ways. It names five elements that audiences move through: Awareness of the need for change, Desire to support and participate in the change, Knowledge of what to do and how to do it, Ability to translate that knowledge into action, and Reinforcement to sustain the change over time. Because these five elements are explicitly defined as part of this framework, it is the one that matches the description precisely.

Kotter’s eight steps describe a broader organizational process with steps like creating urgency and embedding changes into culture, rather than a five-element sequence focused on individual readiness. Lewin’s model uses three stages—unfreeze, change, refreeze—which is a simpler, different structure. The Prosci Change Management Framework is the overall approach that often employs this five-element model, but the explicit labeling of Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement is the ADKAR framework.