Which level of Kirkpatrick's model corresponds to measuring post-training test scores?

• A. Reaction (smiles/satisfaction survey)
• B. Learning (post-test score)
• C. Behavior (on-the-job observation/perf metrics)
• D. Results (business outcomes like revenue uplift, cost savings)

Answer: (B)

Post-training test scores measure learning because they quantify what participants have actually learned from the training—the knowledge, skills, or abilities gained as a result of the instruction. This level focuses on the extent to which the training content was understood and retained, as shown by performance on a test or assessment taken after the session.

Reaction would relate to how participants felt about the training, such as satisfaction or engagement, which is not what a test score captures. Behavior looks at how people apply what they learned on the job, typically through observation or performance metrics. Results evaluate the broader business impact, like revenue changes or cost savings, that result from the training. Thus, a post-training test score aligns with learning, the measure of knowledge and skill gains from the program.